DESIGN GUIDELINES AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
 
 
 
 
 
 

Revised

December 12, 2001



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
 
 

General

It is the University’s intent to maximize the design potential of each campus building project in terms of accommodating the programs to be served, fostering collegiality on the campus, and contributing to the public realm that defines the Virginia Tech campus as a unique place.

In order to achieve the programmatic goals of each project, the design must cost-effectively overlay the specific, user-generated objectives for the project with the University objectives of institutional identity, durability, longevity, flexibility, and adaptability.

In order to foster collegiality, each project must create environments, which encourage interaction and discourse among students, faculty and staff. This potential should be recognized in the development of interior and exterior environments.

While a major responsibility of programmatic accommodation is to the development of the "insides" of the project, every project also has a responsibility to the greater whole of the campus. This responsibility to the public realm recognizes the importance of the architectural and planning traditions at Virginia Tech and strives to contribute to the further development of the campus as a highly imaginable, unique, and inspiring place.

To achieve these goals, it is incumbent upon the project design team to invest in an understanding not only of immediate program goals but also of the history of planning and architecture on the campus, of the goals and objectives of the current campus master plan, and particularly of the immediate context (precinct and site) for the project.

Further elaboration of many of these points can be found in the Campus Master Plan 1994 Update, particularly Chapter 3: Framework for Campus Development, Chapter 8: Landscape Guidelines and Chapter 9: Architectural Guidelines. The General Recommendation’s Summary from Chapter 9 is reproduced on the following page.

Accessible Design

It is the University’s policy to create a learning & working environment which fosters participation by all persons who visit, attend and work for Virginia Tech. Design of new and renovated space which allows inclusion of all persons is a top priority. Accessibility is something that should be included in the initial planning of all new facilities, not an after thought in a code review of a design that is complete. Universal design that incorporates access for all persons should be a primary planning criteria. In new construction, there is no need to segregate access for persons with disabilities from that for the general population.

SPACE STANDARDS
 
 

Space planning for new university facilities shall generally follow the guidelines in Section 701.B of the Commonwealth of Virginia A/E Manual. In addition to those guidelines, the following space guidelines shall be used:
 
Administrative & Faculty Offices Area Guideline
   
Vice Presidents; Deans 256 sf
Associate Vice Presidents & Deans, Assistant Vice

Presidents & Deans, Directors reporting to Vice Presidents, Deans and the President

 192 sf
Department Heads 168 sf
Associate and Assistant Department Head 144 sf
Faculty 120 sf
The Architect/Engineer shall document specific space allocations based on these guidelines and the requirements of the project in design during the programming and schematic design phases for review and acceptance by the Building Subcommittee and the Office of the University Architect. These space allocations will become the basis for the development of the project design.

Other Space Requirements:

Office Space Requirements in New Construction

The following office spaces should be incorporated into the design of new buildings in order for the Physical Plant Department to provide adequate custodial and preventive maintenance services to the building occupants:

  1. Custodial Closet; Provide a minimum of one (1) 7’x 8’ closet for equivalent space on each building floor (2 closets required on floors greater than 18,000 SF). Additional space may be required depending on the building floor square footage. A minimum of 5’ x 7’ with a floor sink mounted in a corner. This sink will not be over 8" in height. There will be a mop holder over the sink that will accommodate up to three mops. One wall will have at least three shelves, spaced a minimum of 18" apart and be at least 18" deep. The bottom shelf will be a minimum 24" from the floor. The length of the shelves will be the same as the wall. The shelving can be either wood or steel. The shelves will not be mounted on the same walls that come in contact with the sink. There will be one light fixture suitable to properly illuminate the closet. The closet will be ventilated. The floor will be sloped to a center floor drain sized for this space. The floor will be sealed concrete. The closet door should be hinged to open out and not into the closet. The walls shall be painted a shade of white to enhance the lighting. Do not include roof access and/or serviceable building electrical and mechanical equipment (i.e. electrical panels, motors, etc.) in this space.
  2. Custodial Supply Closet; Provide one supply closet located on a floor level accessible from a service entrance or loading dock (not within the proximity of any custodial closet), containing a minimum area of 100 square feet. One wall will have adjustable shelving that is 24" deep (four total) with the bottom shelf being 24" from the floor. Shelving will be made of wood that has been treated with a wood sealer (not pressure treated) or painted steel. Shelving will not be mounted on the walls that come in contract with the sink. There will be one floor sink located in a corner furthest from the door. There will be one mop holder capable of holding three mops located over the sink. The floor will be sealed concrete sloped to a floor drain located in the center of the room sized to the room size. Lighting will be sized to properly illuminate the room. The wall will be painted a shade of white. There will be at least one duplex receptacle, 120 VAC, located away from the sink, but not on the shelving wall. The room shall be ventilated. Do not include roof access and/or serviceable building electrical and mechanical equipment (i.e. electrical panels, motors, etc.) in this space.
  3. Housekeeping Supervisory Office; The supervisor office will be a minimum of 8’x 10’. It will have one duplex receptacle located on each wall. The door will be solid wood and equipped with a door reinforce plate to discourage force entry. There will be a drop ceiling composed of 2’ x 2’ ceiling tile and recessed lighting. Florescence lighting properly sized will be used. The floor will be tile or carpet. This space will be connected to the building’s HVAC for climate control. There will also be one wall mounted key box, 20 gage steel minimum, baked enamel finish, gray color, with concealed hinge, key type lock, 12" x 12" x 2" minimum size. Do not include roof access and/or serviceable building electrical and mechanical equipment (i.e. electrical panels, motors, etc.) in this space.
  4. Preventative Maintenance Office; Provide one (1) 10’ x 10’ office or equivalent space in each building, located on the ground floor of the facility in close proximity to the loading dock.

    5. Revised September 4, 2001.

The following recycling related office space and equipment requirements should be incorporated into the design of new buildings to facilitate waste stream separation and removal:
  1. Offices; Provide desktop space for double-compartmented paper collector (10"W x 9-1/2"D x 11"H) or floor space for Deskside three (3) compartmented trash and paper collector (10-3/8"W x 19-3/8"D x 13-5/8"H).
  2. Copy Rooms; Provide floor space for one (1) thirty (30) gallon rectangular paper collector (21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H) for every two (2) copiers (collector to be emptied once a week).

    3.  

     

    Note: For rooms with multiple high speed copiers, provide floor space for one (1) thirty (30) gallon rectangular paper collector (21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H) for each copier (collector to be emptied daily).

  3. Lounges/Mail Rooms; Provide floor space, or alcove, for three (3) rectangular thirty (30) gallon collectors for aluminum cans, newspapers, office paper (21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H).
  4. Corridors:

    5.  

     

    a. Provide floor space, or alcove, for two (2) rectangular thirty (30) gallon paper collectors (21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H) for every ten (10) office workers (collectors to be emptied once a week).

    b. Provide floor space, or alcove, for one (1) rectangular thirty (30) gallon aluminum can collector (21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H) for each soda vending machine.

  5. PC Labs; Provide floor space, or alcove for one (1) thirty (30) gallon paper collector 21-3/4"W x 15-5/8"D x 27-5/8"H) for each printer (collector to be emptied once a week during normal periods, 2-3 times per week during peek periods).
  6. Loading Docks:

    7.  

     

    a. Loading dock should be an "L" shaped design. Provide floor space along the long leg for multiple storage containers (37-1/2"W x 30-1/2"D x 43"H), one (1) per recyclable.

    b. Provide bumpers and dock leveler at each loading dock.

    c. Exterior loading dock area should be enclosed with an overhead door, or at a minimum, sheltered from the elements by an overhanging roof.

    d. Locate loading dock near the mid-section of the building, rather than at either end.

    e. Loading dock should be directly accessible by a service elevator having a 2500 lb. usable capacity.

    f. Provide a 60" cardboard bailer in close proximity to each loading dock area if facility generates more than six (6) cubic yards of cardboard per week and does not have an open hopper with cardboard compartment.

**END OF SPACE STANDARDS**

SIGNAGE STANDARDS
 
 

All proposed signs (for both on-campus and off-campus applications) must be reviewed and approved by the Office of the University Architect. Virginia Tech typically utilizes its own resources for the design and installation of signage. For capital building projects, the cost of the interior and exterior signage is a part of the overall project cost, but separate from the "design to" construction budget.

Virginia Tech uses standardized signage and standard applications. This information, is provided for reference only. Standard signage incorporates:

  • Non-Illuminates Interior Signage

    • Secondary Directional Signs
    Area Identification Signs
    Room Identification Signs
    Regulatory and Control Signs
    Mechanical, Instrumentation Sign
    Main Building Directories
    Department Directories
  • Illuminated Exterior Signage

    • Primary Identification Signs (Buildings)
  • Non-Illuminated Exterior Signage

    • Secondary Identification Signs
    Vehicular Directional Signs
  • Dedicatory Plaques
  • Street Signage

    • Street Names
    Regulatory and Control
  • Construction Signage
Site planning concepts should include suggested exterior signage locations. Typically, no signage is attached directly to the exterior of a building, in conformance to the Campus Master Plan. A construction sign cannot be a requirement of the contract documents. Should the contractor choose to have a construction sign, the sign must conform to the requirements set forth by the university.

The A/E must submit an electronic version of the floor plans to the Office of the University Architect 6 months prior to substantial completion of construction in order to begin interior signage planning. Planning for dedicatory plaques and exterior regulatory and control interior signage requires consultation with the Office of the University Architect.

**END OF SIGNAGE STANDARDS**

DRAWING (CAD) STANDARDS

General

>>CAD (Computer Aided Design) submissions: A set of drawings for all applicable disciplines shall be submitted in CAD form. Exceptions for small projects must be approved by the University. As a minimum, CAD submittals are required for 100% Construction Documents, and Record (As-built) Drawing phases.

Submittal Requirements:

    1. The principal A/E consultant shall maintain a complete set of CAD drawing files throughout the project. The complete CAD drawing files, including those from each consultant, shall be in the same format and identical to the hardcopy submittal.
    2. Construction submittals - The entire 100% complete set of construction CAD drawing files, in AutoCad version 14 or newer dwg format shall be submitted to Virginia Tech on CD-ROM, no later than 30 days post 100% submittal of the project to Virginia Tech .
    3. As-Built submittals - Once the construction phase is completed, Record CAD drawings (As-Builts) shall be submitted to Virginia Tech, in AutoCad version 14 or newer dwg format, on CD-ROM. Microfilm on aperture cards along with the CD-ROM shall be submitted to Virginia Tech no later then 30 days post construction completion date.
    4. All external reference files (xrefs) and non-standard AutoCad entities such as fonts and linetypes shall be stored in separate files from the sheet drawings on CD-ROM. Do not bind the xrefs to the individual sheet drawings.
    5. CAD drawings shall be submitted on CD, or 3.5-inch high-density diskettes. Diskettes shall be labeled with project name, project number, drawings included, date, company name, contact name and telephone number. Except for X-refs and other symbols, drawing names should be identical to hard copy drawings, (i.e. A-1.dwg, E-1.dwg).
    6. Consultants may use their own layering standards but must provide a spreadsheet that defines the content of each layer. Each drawing should be audited to verify the layering standards are adhered to.<<
    7. If the CAD drawings utilize file references (Xrefs), then the file references must be provided with the CAD drawings on diskette. Files and their attached Xrefs must be located in the same directory.
    8. An index in ASCII format describing each CAD file shall be submitted on a 3.5 inch diskette or may be submitted as an attached electronic file if approved by the Plan’s Librarian. This may be in the form of a README file.

 

>>Revised March 2001<<

**END OF DRAWING (CAD) STANDARDS**





















































UNIVERSITY MASTER PLAN - GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Design Character

    1. Buildings should extend and enhance the underlying planning and architectural strengths of the campus.
    1. New buildings should balance individual expression with contextual sensitivity.
    2. New buildings should reflect the character of Virginia Tech as an institution with a rich past, vibrant present, and promising future.
    3. Program, site, and budget parameters should all be addressed in an integrated fashion.
Planning
    1. Buildings should be sited to reinforce and enhance the spatial structure of the campus and its circulation patterns.
    2. Building entries should be clear and coordinated with circulation patterns and landscaping elements.
    3. Ground level uses should consider the harmony of interior and exterior activities.
Massing
    1. Massing should be simple.
    2. Buildings should be tall enough to define adjoining spaces. This will require a minimum 3-story or 45 feet high building.
    3. Bays, porches, towers, and other minor adjustments to massing are encouraged.
Roof Forms, Roof Lines and Silhouette
    1. Well-developed and articulated rooflines are encouraged.
    2. Sloped roofs and flat roofs are both acceptable.
    3. Sloped roofs should be of high quality self finished metal or slate.
    4. Flat roofs should have carefully selected aggregate or pavers if visible. Visible Roofscapes must be as carefully designed as any other exterior surface of the building.
    5. It will be necessary for designers to explain all aspects of their design selection including material, color, patterning, and other details.
    6. Parapets should be well articulated and trimmed with cut stone. Profiles, scuppers, and other ornamental devices are acceptable and encouraged.
    7. Dormers and pediments are also acceptable and encouraged as are cupolas, chimneys, and other traditional roofing embellishments. Their intersection with the main roof must be well detailed and will receive careful scrutiny. These elements should not be viewed purely as ornamental elements without functional attributes.
Facades
    1. Facades should be simple and well ordered.
    2. General fenestration patterns should be regular. Some vertical hierarchy is appropriate. Where affordable, cut stone window surrounds are preferred to precast concrete. Window openings should be subdivided to create a vertical proportion where they form horizontal groupings.
    3. The use of bays, giant order elements, or special accents to provide a large overall order is acceptable and encouraged.
    4. Special detailing ornament and materials at significant locations are acceptable and encouraged.
    5. Window frames and glass should be set back approximately 6". Sills and heads should be detailed to shed water and alleviate the possibility of unattractive weathering patterns.
Architectural Details
    1. Buttresses, coping, string courses, and other traditional architectural details are acceptable and encouraged.
    2. The joining of dissimilar materials must be resolved carefully and will be rigorously reviewed.
    3. Where possible, caulk joints should be placed in less visible locations such as inside corners or reveals.
    4. Extreme care and experienced oversight should be given to details designed to prevent water infiltration.
Ornament
    1. The campus currently has minimal ornament reflective of its lengthy history. Future buildings should have well-developed ornamental programs appropriate to a University with such a broad contemporary mission.
    2. Heraldry, plant, animal, and geometric motifs are all acceptable and encouraged in a coordinated program.
    3. Building identification integrated into building facades are key elements of an ornamental program.
    4. The use of new technologies to economically produce ornamental elements is acceptable and encouraged.
    5. The creative use of masonry patterning is also acceptable as an ornamental strategy.
Masonry
    1. Material selection should be made to reinforce existing campus patterns.
    2. Hokie stone with split face random units and natural color mortar should be used in buildings within the quadrangles surrounding the Drill Field. The drill marks these stones contain should also be retained as a design element. Cut limestone trim should be utilized. Outside this inner core, a mix of hokie stone and reddish brick, or brick with limestone trim may be considered.
    3. Masonry design must comprehensively consider unit size, texture, color, hording pattern, mortar, and striking. These design choices will be rigorously reviewed.
    4. Pre-cast concrete, poured-in-place concrete, and cast stone may be proposed as alternatives to limestone trim.
Exterior Doors
    1. Wood, metal, and glass doors are all acceptable.
    2. Doors should have a quality and character appropriate to the overall façade.
    3. Vision panels, reveals, and carving are appropriate and encouraged.
Color
    1. Color choices for brick must be coordinated with the existing campus and reinforce the overall campus design.
    2. Paint colors on campus are currently subdued. More contrast and hue are encouraged.
    3. Colors should help "bring out" the various tones in the hokie stone and plant materials on campus.
    4. Deep red, blue, and green, with grey may be considered. Black and dark brown are also acceptable.


**END OF MASTER PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS**

DIVISION 1 - GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Front End Requirements

The front end of all specifications for Virginia Tech projects shall be arranged in the following manner, using the samples enclosed herein and the referenced Capital Outlay Forms. Projects with federal funding may have additions or revisions to this list. Specific questions concerning any of the items should be directed to the Project Manager.

    1. Sample Advertisement

      2. Include a Notice of Invitation to Bid in the specifications. Contact the Project Manager to determine the dates to be inserted.
    2. Instructions to Bidders

      3. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-7A. (12/31/96).
    3. Sample Bid Form

      4. The sample bid form shown herein shall be used as a basis to construct a bid form for the project. As each project is unique, contact the Project Manager concerning any special requirements.
    4. General Conditions of the Construction Contract

      5. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-7. (12/31/96).
    5. Supplemental General Conditions

      6. Insert current copy of Supplemental GC Format. If liquidated damages are to be specified, contact the Project Manager concerning the dates and amounts to be used.
    6. Contract Between Owner and Contractor

      7. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-9. (12/31/96). Contract will be prepared by the Owner and sent to the contractor for signature.
    7. Commonwealth of Virginia Standard Worker’s Compensation

      8. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-9a. (12/96).
    8. Commonwealth of Virginia Standard Performance Bond

      9. Insert current copy of G.S. For E&B CO-10. (12/31/96). Contractor will prepare and distribute directly to the owner.
    9. Commonwealth of Virginia Standard Labor and Material Payment Bond

      10. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-10.1. (12/31/96) Contractor will prepare and distribute directly to the owner.
    10. Schedule of Values and Certificate for Payment

      11. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-12. (12/96).
    11. Commonwealth of Virginia Affidavit of Payment of Claims

      12. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-13. (12/96).
    12. Certificate of Partial or Substantial Completion by Contractor

      13. Insert current copy of G.S. For E&B CO-13.2a. (12/96).
    13. Certificate of Completion by Contractor

      14. Insert current copy of G.S. Form E&B CO-13.2. (12/96).

CPM Construction Schedule – Preparation and Submittal

A. General:

    1. It is a Contract requirement that the Project be planned, scheduled, managed and controlled by the CPM schedule.
    2. Contractor shall prepare, submit to the Owner for approval, and maintain a Critical Path Method (CPM) Construction Schedule for the Work. The Contractor’s CPM Construction Schedule shall consist of a computerized network diagram together with a mathematical analysis of that network. Display accepted schedule in time-scaled logic network diagram format at site construction office at all times and review with Subcontractors each week.
    3. Utilize the CPM schedule for planning, organizing and directing the Work, for reporting progress, and for requesting payment for work completed. Review schedule at each progress meeting.
    4. CPM schedule shall clearly show sequential interdependencies, with activity duration and float clearly represented. Sequences(s) of activities with no float shall be clearly identified as Critical Path(s).
    5. Primavera (P3 or SureTrack) or MS Project software must be used to prepare the construction schedules.
    6. Activity durations shall be in work days. The maximum duration for any on-site work activity shall be twenty (20) work days.
    7. A sufficient number of activities shall be utilized to accurately depict reviews and approvals, fabrication and delivery, construction sequence, dependencies and progress.
    8. Each activity shall be assigned a unique Activity ID number that shall not be changed once assigned. Use skip numbering of activities to allow insertion of additional activities for contract modifications and logic changes.
    9. Clearly explain abbreviations used in CPM schedules in legend of symbols, either separate or attached.
    10. Except for Contract Award, Notice-to-Proceed with Off-site Work, Notice-to-Proceed with On-Site Construction, and required interim and final completion milestones, activities shall not be constrained by any means other than logic ties to predecessor and successor activities. Relationships with start or finish lags may be used provided the lags are less than 7 working days and can be logically explained.
B. Activity Content:
      1. CPM schedule should include, but not limited to, the following activities as they apply to the project:
    1. Construction tasks (maximum twenty (20) work days duration for any activity)
    2. Shop drawings submittal and approval process
    3. Ordering, fabrication, and delivery of major materials and equipment
    4. Check-out, start-up, and test and balance of major equipment
    5. Submittals of record drawings and maintenance manuals
    6. Cleanup and punch out tasks
    7. Important coordination activities required to insure timely support and/or inspections
    8. Owner purchase/install items and/or Owners separate contract work
    9. Pre-final, final inspections and Substantial Completion
    10. Punch-out and Final Completion
    11. Specified interim completion milestones
    12. Owner occupancy
      2. Schedule submittal activities to allow sufficient time for work to be procured and installed, even if submittal is unacceptable and resubmittal is required

      3. CPM scheduling shall include anticipated events, such as electrical power change over and adverse weather.

      4. The CPM Schedule shall account for the normal range of inclement weather and its impact on work operations.

      5. The following required milestones and finish dates shall be indicated and adhered to:

    1. Contract Award
    2. Notice to Proceed
    3. Complete Roof (including roofing, flashing, skylights and all items necessary to prevent water infiltration to the interior).
    4. Complete Exterior Walls (not including facing, insulation, and windows).
    5. Complete Approval of Materials (including all initial submittal and approval of materials, excluding submittals for information, certifications, testing, and as-built information): Finish no later than 120 calendar days after Award of Contract.
    6. Substantial Completion
    7. Final Completion
      6. Activities shall be coded to show, at a minimum, the following:
a. Phase
b. Area (e.g. Site, Building Area)
c. Level (e.g. Foundation, Floor No., Basement, Roof, etc.)
d. Responsibility (e.g. Subcontractor, Vendor, Supplier, Owner, Authority, etc.)
e. For projects as indicated in Section 19c of the General Conditions, activities shall also be Cost and Resource loaded

 
  C. Schedules:
    1. Submit initial CPM schedule, revisions, and monthly updates on one (1) copy on 3.5 inch 1.44 Mb floppy diskettes. Plots shall be in color. The Critical Path shall be clearly indicated in a contrasting color.
    2. Within sixty (60) calendar days after receipt of a signed contract, submit a complete CPM schedule and narratives as specified herein. Allow fifteen (15) work days for Owner’s review.
    3. Resubmit revisions to address Owner's review comments within ten (10) work days upon receipt of Owner's comments. An approved As-Planned Contractor's CPM Construction Schedule and Narratives shall be a condition for processing the second pay request as well as future pay requests.
    4. Contractor’s Superintendent and major Subcontractors shall participate in the development of the CPM schedule. .
D. Schedule Narrative:
    1. When specifically requested by the owner, provide a written narrative explaining the Contractor’s plan for meeting the interim and final completion dates. Identify and explain assumptions, sequencing and restraints such as manpower, material and equipment for major work categories.
    2. Identify activities which are planned to be expedited by use of overtime or double shifts, including work on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays.
    3. Describe calendars used and provide a listing of holidays, weather days and other non-work periods.
    4. Define abbreviations used.
    1. Report Formats:
    1. Reports and graphics are to be submitted each month and shall consist of following:
    1. A Tabular Report of all project activities with bar chart. Progress bar chart shall include target or baseline comparison bars. Bar positions shall be early start/early finish with float clearly defined. Sequencing of columns on Tabular Report shall match following:
    • Activity/Task Description
    • Original Duration
    • Remaining Duration
    • Percent Complete
    • Early Start
    • Early Finish
    • Late Start
    • Late Finish
    • Actual Start
    • Actual Finish
    • Total Float
    1. Time-scaled Network diagram with schedule logic shown.
    1. Sequencing of columns on Time-scaled Network Diagram shall match the following:
    • Task/Activity Name
    • Original Duration
    • Remaining Duration
    • Percent Complete
    • Early Start
    • Early Finish
    • Total Float
    • Manpower Loading
    1. Critical Path shall be clearly identified.
    2. Group activities together by area and responsibility. Provide titles and subtitles to identify activity groups.
    3. Sheet size of diagram shall be 24 by 36 inches minimum and time scaled in weeks unless approved otherwise.
    1. On each page include title block containing as minimum following information:
    • Project Title
    • Project Number
    • Contractor’s Business Name
    • Date of Submittal and/or Revision
    • Progress Computation Date (i.e. Data Date)
    • Version Number (see below)
    • Legend of Symbols and Abbreviation as applicable
E. Monthly Submittals
    1. CPM schedules updated for the current pay period shall accompany the Contractor’s monthly pay request for work completed.

    2. Failure to prepare, submit, and maintain CPM schedule as specified may be cause for rejection of other schedules submitted and for possible delay of payment.

F.Change Impact Schedule:<<<

1) When specifically requested by the owner,each Change Order proposal which is anticipated to impact the Critical Path shall include a separate Change Impact Schedule indicating the effect of this change on the accepted Contractor’s CPM Construction Schedule.

2) Include a narrative description of the schedule change and a computer generated comparison of the current and the revised schedule.

3) Where appropriate, provide a detailed and quantified analysis of crews, production rates, materials and equipment to support the Change Impact Schedule.

>>>Revised December 12, 2001<<<
 

**END OF DIVISION 1**

DIVISION 2 – SITEWORK

General

The University has developed Site Development Specifications and Details which expands upon the requirements of this section. Contact J.B. Sutphin, Division Head, Site and Infrastructure Development @ 540-231-6449 to obtain a copy of this supplemental information.
  Demolition
    1. The contractor shall be responsible for satisfying any and all erosion control and stormwater management requirements for any land disturbing activities, including but not limited to on-site or off-site borrow, on-site or off-site stockpiling or disposal of waste materials.
    2. The contractor shall be responsible for obtaining rights of way to any waste disposal areas for all material not to be salvaged. contractor shall be responsible for all tipping fees when materials are disposed in a location not provided by the university.
Site-Preparation
    1. Remove all tree stumps, trees, limbs, and rubbish from construction area. Controlled burning shall not be permitted. Stockpile topsoil in an approved area for later use during final grading and restoration.
    2. All felled timber from which saw logs, pulpwood, posts, poles, ties, mine props, or cordwood can be produced shall be considered salable timber, and shall be trimmed of limbs and tops, sawed into salable lengths and delivered to the university.
    3. The contractor shall remove topsoil from the existing site prior to construction activities to reduce the potential for soil compaction and contamination. Topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas approved by the university.
Pavement Marking
 
 
    1. Provide paint specifically formulated for use as pavement marking in automobile traffic areas. Parking spaces, crosswalks, and handicap spaces shall be painted white. No yellow or blue paint shall be used on the pavement or curbing.
    2. Pavement markings in parking areas shall be 4 inches in width. Pavement markings on streets shall be 6 inches in width, or as otherwise specified on the plans. Lines shall stop 6 inches short of curb and sidewalk edge.

Piping and Fittings

    1. Upon completion of the work, the contractor shall provide two sets of record drawings to the university clearly illustrating the as-built elevations of all grades, structures, and pipes installed as part of the construction. The record drawings shall be prepared by and sealed by a land surveyor or professional engineer licensed in the State of Virginia.
    2. PVC water main 4" and larger shall be SDR-18, Class 150.
    3. Water laterals 3" or smaller shall be ductile iron.
    4. PVC sewer pipe shall be PVC SDR 35 or PVC Schedule 40.
    5. Plastic marking tape with integral wires, foil backing or other means to enable detection by a metal detector when the tape is buried up to 3 feet deep.
Valves and Cocks
    1. Shop drawings shall include manufactures names, class of materials, pressure rating, catalog, and engineering data showing compliance with the specified requirements.
    2. Submit Corrective and preventive maintenance instructions, including recommended spare parts.
    3. Gate valves shall have right-hand threads.
Water Systems
    1. Domestic water shall be metered with valve assembly to by-pass to meter. Meter shall be furnished by the university and installed by contractor.
    2. Backflow Preventors shall be installed at all building service meters and all outside hydrants/sprinklers outlet.
    3. Post indicator valve shall be installed on all buildings that are fully sprinkled.
    4. #12 Covered Insulated Tracing Wire w/URD, shall be installed/taped to al PVC pipe (domestic and chilled water lines), the length of the pipe, from top of valve box to the building.
    5. Anchorage for water lines shall be protected against joint pulling or thrust damage by suitable mechanical joint restraint devices at all joints, fittings and other critical points.
    6. Tapping sleeves shall be Mueller Mechanical Joint Tapping Sleeves, catalog number H-615, provided by the University and installed by the Contractor.
Seeding
    1. Seed mixture shall consist of: 25% Kentucky Bluegrass (Mix of 3 varieties), 75% Turf Type Tall Fescue (Rebel 3D, Titan 2, Shenandoan, Finelawn 88, Anthem) complying with minimum germination, purity, weed content as specified in Virginia Seed and Sod laws, VDOT Standards. Kentucky 31 is NOT acceptable. Percentages determined by weight. All seed shall be certified seed.

 
 
 
 
 
 

Landscape Design

    1. Project architect shall provide the university with a schematic landscape plan and estimate. This plan should adequately translate any significant design issues that should be addressed by the landscape. The plan should note the following as needed to relay the intent of the design:
a) Locations for trees shrubs and ground covers
    1. Type and eventual size for the above (i.e. small flowering tree, large shade tree, evergreen groundcover, hedges, screening plants, etc.)
    2. Any views or vistas to be preserved or enhanced
    1. Consult the Campus Master Plan 1994 Update Part Two: Design Guidelines for discussion of Landscape Guidelines.
    2. Plant specie suggestions may be included but are not required.
    3. Final landscape plans and specifications will be produced and procured by the Office of the University Architect.
    4. The "design to" construction budget will be reduced in accordance with the schematic estimate for landscaping.


**END OF DIVISION 2**



DIVISION 3 – CONCRETE

Concrete (Cast in Place)

    1. Interior and/or exterior structural concrete surfaces should not be scheduled to receive a sandblasted finish unless specifically approved by the university.
    2. Building interior structural concrete painted surfaces should not be scheduled to receive a rubbed finish. If a smooth plaster-like finish is desired, specify a thin coat of veneer plaster over the concrete substrate.
    3. Building exterior expressed concrete structural frame should be detailed (incorporating insulation and finish systems) to prevent thermal loss or gain.
    4. Exposed interior concrete floors should be sealed. A hardener should required where the floor surface is subject to heavy, impact, and/or rolling loads.
    5. A sample panel of exterior exposed "Architectural" concrete should be provided to establish an acceptable standard of workmanship/quality concerning finishing, texture of formed material, etc. The concrete used in the sample panel should be furnished by the project concrete supplier, and should represent the approved mix for strength and texture.
    6. Exterior concrete flatwork should be six inches nominal thickness, 3000 PSI air-entrained concrete, reinforced with welded wire fabric located two inches below the top surface. The flatwork should be placed over a six inch aggregate stone base, and where intermittent vehicular traffic is anticipated, be a minimum of nine feet wide. The top surface should be broom finished with sawn or tooled joints at a maximum of six feet on-center.


**END OF DIVISION 3**

DIVISION 4 – MASONRY

Hokie Stone

A. General

Typical "Hokie Stone" exterior wall section:

6 inch nominal stone*

2 inch void**

2"rigid insulation
concrete masonry unit with field applied moisture resistant coating.

*"Hokie Stone" thickness varies from 5 inches to 8 inches. Accommodating this range may require partial use of the 2" void.

 **This space is provided to allow the migration of moisture to the lower part of the wall where it will be wicked outwards through weep holes. In order to maintain the open cavity, it is recommended that a product similar to Mortar Net (manufactured by Mortar Net USA) be used.

B. Delivery
    1. The owner provides for the quarrying, blocking, cutting and delivery of stone to the Contractor at the building site. The stone will be furnished to the contractor, cut roughly to a 5 – 8 inch average thickness. The stone will be delivered on pallets to the site.
    2. The owner will deliver stone to the contractor within the following limitations:

      3.  

       

      a. Notify the university’s Field Engineer at least two days prior to the receipt of the initial stone delivery.

      b. It will be the responsibility of the Contractor to specify the number of pallets desired and to provide a drop zone for the amount of stone requested. Each pallet holds approximately one (1) ton (30 SF) of Hokie stone. Deliveries will consist of a minimum of 10 pallets (10 nominal tons) up to a maximum of 28 pallets per day. In addition, the Owner, as stone is quarried and packaged, will be making regular deliveries of stone to the site once the site is secured.

      c. Provisions are to be made for on-site storage of up to 50% of the total required stone.

      d. The Contractor will be required to have a suitable fork truck or equivalent at the job site with an operator to unload the stone truck within a reasonable time period.

 
  C. Quality Assurance

Information on Drawings and in Specifications establishes requirements for both aesthetic effects and performance of the stonework. Aesthetic effects relative to formal characteristics are indicated by dimensions, arrangement, alignment, and profiles of components and assemblies as they relate to sight lines and relationships to one another and to adjoining construction.
    1. Do not modify intended aesthetic effects, as judged solely by Architect, except with Architect’s written approval and only to the extent exclusively needed to comply with performance requirements. Where modifications are proposed, submit comprehensive explanatory data to Architect for review.
    2. Retain mock-up during construction as standard for judging completed stonework. When directed, demolish mock-up, salvaging stone for use on the project, and remove from site.
    3. Solid mortar fill of cavity behind stone will not be permitted. Cavity must be retained to allow for moisture drainage.
D. Installation
    1. No stone shall be less than 5 inches thick and all beds and builds shall be full to at least 6 inches from face.
    2. No horizontal joint shall be greater than 6’-0" and no vertical course greater than three (3) stones.
    3. Rectangular stones are to be laid with the long dimension horizontal.
    1. Stones are to be laid in random coursing in the following random range of color.

      2.  

       

      Mix stone in the following proportions:

      Black 15%
      Grey Buff 85%
5. See elevation detail and wall section detail on the following page.
 
 

** END OF DIVISION 4 **
 
 

 DIVISION 7 - THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
 
 

Building Insulation

    1. Fiberglass batt insulation shall be installed to minimize exposed fiberglass in areas needing to be accessed for inspections, maintenance, etc. Designs should encapsulate fiberglass using foil or pre-applied backing, plastic or gypsum board covering.
Roofing
    1. Single-ply roofing systems (60 Mil) should be specified for low slope (less than 4 in 12 pitch) applications. Fully adhered systems are preferred. Ballasted systems must be approved in advance by the University. Mechanically fastened systems are not acceptable.
    2. Ballast (if approved) should be clean, river washed gravel meeting ASTM-C-136.
    3. Specify service walkways (minimum 2’0" wide) appropriately located to service all roof top equipment from the roof access.
    4. Specify thin wall 16 gauge copper flashing between parapet walls and capstone.
    5. Gutters and downspouts shall be (minimum) 16 gauge copper.
    6. Downspouts shall tie directly to underground storm drainage system.
    7. Slate shingles, where appropriate, shall be a minimum of ¼ inch thick, weighing not less than 900 pounds per square.
    8. Provide snow guards over entrances on all roofs with a slope of 6 in 12 or greater.
    9. Specify roof hatches that are insulated and lockable.
10. Rating of complete roof assemblies shall be a minimum Class I-60 designed in accordance with FM P7825 (and I-90 rating is preferable). When approved, loose laid ballasted applications shall be designed to withstand wind uplift in accordance with requirements of FM Tech Advisory Bulletin I-29. ** END OF DIVISION 7 **

DIVISION 8 - DOORS AND WINDOWS
 
 

Exterior Doors

    1. Primary entry doors should be power operated. Operators should be Electro-Mechanical equal to Stanley Magic Access with power assist option. Both doors in a vestibule configuration should be power operated. Power operated egress doors shall have electronic strike or latch to allow power operation during times when building is locked.
    2. Power operators shall have auxiliary contacts to allow for card reader and proximity reader activation of the openers.
Interior Doors
    1. Standard , 3'-0" x 7'-0" x 1-3/4" birch, stain grade, solid core.
    2. All doors in new construction shall have lever handles that comply with ADAAG requirements. When renovation work requires changing door hardware or which hardware change is requested for functional change, all replacement hardware shall include ADAAG compliant lever handles.
Locksets
    1. Cylindrical Locksets; Series 4000, Grade 1 (ANSI A156.2), 93K Lever handle with through bolted trim, Round rose - varying in size between 2-9/16" to 3-3/8" or largest available size.
      >>Lockset should be complete with a combinated core and must accept a Best 7-pin interchangeable core. NO SUBSTITUTES.

      2.  

       

      The University Keyshop personnel shall accomplish the final keying and installation of cores.<< Construction cores may be installed by the Contractor during construction, but must be removed prior to beneficial occupancy.
2. Closers; Equal to Super Smoothy LCN-4040 Regular or Super Smoothy LCN-4041 Handicapped.

3. Panic Exit Devices; Equal to Sargent 9800 Rim type or Sargent 9898 Non-handed. Trim pack determines function. For lever handle application -- Sargent 8800 series with ET outside trim.
 
 

 Glazing

Restrooms

1. Mirror Glass/Standard; 18" x 24", burglar proof, with stainless steel frame.

2. Mirror Glass/Handicapped; 18" x 36", burglar proof, with stainless steel frame.
 
 

 >>Revised March 2001<<
** END OF DIVISION 8 **

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES
 
 

General

    1. Extravagant, costly and/or high maintenance finishes should be avoided.
    2. The University must approve the color selections of all finishes.
    3. Finishes that have minimal tolerances and place an unrealistic expectations on the installing contractor(s) should be avoided.
Ceramics and Quarry Tile 1. Floor Tile; 2" x 2" porcelain ceramic tile equal to Dal-Keystone Porcelain Ceramic Mosaics by Dal-Tile Corporation. Standard Grade quality conforming to ANSI 137.1-1980.

2. Wall Tile; 4-1/2" x 4-1/2" glazed ceramic tile equal to Dal-Tile Glazed Interior Wall Tile by Dal-Tile Corporation. Standard Grade quality conforming to ANSI 137.1-1980.

3. Ceiling Tile; Ceramic panels, 2' x 2' x 5/8" high density, resistant to moisture, steam and chemicals, equal to Ceramaguard 601A by Armstrong.

4. Quarry Tile Care; In instances where quarry tile is specified as the building floor covering, the Contractor will clean the quarry tile floor with Hillyard Seal - 341 or approved equal. Colors selected shall minimize the showing of dust and/or footprints.

 Suspended Acoustical Ceilings 1. Acoustical Tile; 2' x 2' 5/8", non-directional, mineral board lay-in panels, equal to Armstrong #770 or Clotex #157 Safetone, fissure tone.

2. Suspended Grid; Intermediate duty, double web, exposed grid system, equal to DX system by Donn Corporation; main tee equal to DX-24, cross tee equal to DX-422.

 Resilient Flooring 1. Floor Tile; Vinyl composition, 1/8" x 12" x 12", as manufactured by Kentile, Armstrong or equal, meeting or exceeding Federal Specification #SF-T-321 B, Type 4. Colors selected shall minimize the showing of dust and/or footprints.

2. Base; Rubber cove base, 4" or 6", as manufactured by Roppee Rubber, Johnsonite Rubber Company, Flexco, or equal, meeting or exceeding Federal Specification #SF-W-40A, Type 1.

 Carpet Unless otherwise directed by the university, carpet shall be procured and installed by the General Contractor. The A/E shall obtain a guide specification for carpet from the university Project Manager.
  Revised August 30, 2001

** END OF DIVISION 9 **

DIVISION 10 – SPECIALTIES
 
 

Toilet Compartments

1. Paper Towel Dispenser; Type 300 stainless steel, design for single fold paper towels (quantity 400), key lock, surface mounted, equal to Bobrick #B-263.

2. Soap Dispenser; Stainless steel or chrome, designed for liquid soap dispensing, dispenser valve front mounted with push action for operation, 40 ounce capacity reservoir, no refill container (must hold bulk soap), top fill, lockable door, equal to Continental #V444SS.

3. Toilet Paper Dispenser; Stainless steel or plastic, with viewing slot to determine quantity of paper left. Dispenser must accommodate a 13" x 4" with a 3" core single ply roll of toilet paper. There must be tear strips located on two sides of the dispersing slot for the paper to be easily torn from the roll. The dispenser cover must be lockable and include one key.

4. Sanitary Napkin Disposal; Stainless steel type 304, 22 gage, satin finish, surface mounted, cover to have full length piano hinge and bottom unlocks with key, equal to Bobrick B-270.

5. Stall Partitions; Stainless steel, type 302, #4 stain finish and vertically grained, 1" thick and formed of sheet steel that is fabricated into a sandwich construction and laminated to a double-faced honey comb core under pressure. All edges are then interlocked with a roll-formed edge molding. All corners are welded and ground smooth. Corner clips are unacceptable.

6. Stall Pilasters; Stainless steel, type 302, #4 stain finish and vertically grained, 1-1/4" thick and formed of sheet steel that is fabricated into a sandwich construction and laminated to a double-faced honey comb core under pressure. Face plates are welded together at intervals of 18" on center around edge perimeter to insure a rigid one piece unit. All edges are then interlocked with a roll-formed edge molding. All corners are welded and ground smooth. Corner clips are unacceptable.

7. Stall Pilaster Shoes; 3" high polished 2C gage stainless steel shoe of one piece construction. Tamper-proof shoe assembly with concealed hold down anchor clips. Exposed shoe is unacceptable.

8. Stall Doors; Stainless steel, type 302, #4 satin finish and vertically grained, 1" thick and formed of sheet steel that is fabricated into a sandwich construction and laminated to a double-faced honey comb core under pressure. Face plates are welded together at intervals of 18" on center around edge perimeter to insure a rigid one piece unit. All edges are then interlocked with a roll-formed edge molding. All corners are welded and ground smooth. Corner clips are unacceptable.
 
 

9. Stall Hardware and Fittings; All doors, panels and pilasters are prepared with suitable internal reinforcement and pre-drilled to accommodate all hardware and fittings. Each compartment is complete with all hardware, door hinges, door latch, stop and keeper, coat hook and necessary fittings and fastenings for a complete installation.

10. Stall Pilaster and Wall Fittings; Wall and pilaster brackets shall be heavy Zamac #3 chrome plated die casting. The dividing partitions and pilasters shall be attached to wall with two brackets of double EAR or one EAR type depending on wall conditions. Dividing partitions shall be attached to the pilasters with two "U" brackets. All hinge brackets, strike and keeper will be through bolted with sex bolts having one-way theft-proof heads. All other hardware and fittings to have appropriate screws. All fastenings to have a highly polished chrome finish.

11. Partition Locks; Slide bolt latch equal to SURFACO, 3-1/2" Bet screw #9G0136.

12. Handicapped Grab Bars; Stainless steel sizes to fit layout of room.
    1. Feminine Napkin Vendor Machine; Stainless steel, type 304, satin finish, welded construction, field replaceable door, 18 gage minimum, full length piano hinge, coin mechanism set for $.25 operation, equal to Bobrick #B-352.
    2. Provide wall mounted shelving in restrooms to accommodate books, backpacks, etc.
Fire Extinguishers and Cabinets
    1. Fire extinguisher cabinets shall be incorporated into all projects as required by code and sized for the required extinguisher.
    2. Contract specifications shall identify the extinguisher type and size and note that the extinguishers shall be provided and installed by the University.
Classrooms
    1. General – Classroom specialties vary significantly depending upon the ultimate use of the space. The A/E should work closely with university personnel to identify the needs of each room.
    2. If requested:

      3.  

       

      a. Chalkboard – Vitrasite, standard black with trim, chalk rails and track for map hooks. Sliding boards to allow for greater flexibility are preferred. Board space to be as large as practical within the space. Dry marker boards should be specified only when specifically requested by the university.
       
       
       

      b. Tack Boards – Above or adjacent to chalk boards

      c. Electronic tension projection screen

      d. Seating – Fixed seating, if requested, shall be included in the contract documents and be included in the A/E "design to" budget.
** END OF DIVISION 10 **

DIVISION 11 – EQUIPMENT
 
 
 
 

Custodial Closets

1. Key Cabinet; 20 gage steel minimum, baked enamel finish, grey color, concealed hinge, key type lock, 12" x 12" x 2" minimum size, one per building.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ** END OF DIVISION 11 **

DIVISION 12 – FURNISHINGS
 
 

General

    1. Building furnishings including, but not limited to desks, chairs, tables, lockers, window treatments, lecterns, etc. shall be identified by the A/E but not included in the building contract.
    2. Where appropriate, furnishings shall be shown on the contract drawings with a note indicating "NIC".
    3. The A/E shall provide to the University minimal specifications and a budget cost estimate for furnishings specified to be owner furnished.
** END OF DIVISION 12 **

DIVISION 14 - CONVEYING SYSTEMS
 
 

Elevators

    1. Perform work in accordance with the following:

      2. ANSI A117.1 Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to and Usable by Physically Handicapped People.
      ANSI/ASME A17.1 – Safety code for Elevators and Escalators.
      ANSI/UL 108 – Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
    2. Submittals shall include shop drawings, schematic wiring diagram, product data and maintenance manuals. Maintenance manuals are required and shall minimally include operating and maintenance instructions, parts listing, recommended parts inventory listing, purchase source listing for major and critical components, and emergency instructions. Provide three sets of maintenance manuals for the Owner’s use after approval of all shop drawings.
    3. Hydraulic Elevators. Jack cylinder shall be installed inside a PVC pipe. (The PVC jacket is helpful in preventing corrosion to the jack cylinder which shall be provided with dielectric protection. If the jack leaks underground, the PVC jacket helps to contain the hydraulic oil).
    4. Prior to Owner acceptance of the installation, an inspection must be performed and acceptance tests must be witnessed by an independent elevator inspector to verify conformance of elevators and chair lifts with code requirements. The Owner shall employ the services of an independent elevator inspector. Any deficiencies shall be corrected by the contractor at no cost to the Owner. Owner requires three weeks notification prior to testing to schedule inspector.
    5. Elevator shall be provided with a 12 month warranty which begins on the date of Substantial Completion.
    6. Hydraulic Elevator. Install piping above ground where possible. If necessary to route underground, cover with permanent protective wrapping before backfilling. Provide shut off valve in machine room for maintenance purposes. Underground hydraulic piping for elevators shall be schedule 80.
    7. Full maintenance shall be provided by skilled, competent employees of the elevator Installer for a period of 12 months following Date of Substantial Completion at no additional cost to the Owner. Full maintenance services to be included under this contract and at no additional cost to the Owner shall minimally include (1) monthly preventive maintenance performed during normal working hours, (2) repair or replacement of worn or defective parts or components, (3) lubricating, cleaning, and adjusting as required for proper elevator operation in conformance with specified requirements and (4) 24-hours-per-day, 7-days-per-week emergency callback service. Exclude only repair or replacement due to misuse, abuse, accidents, or neglect caused by persons other than Installer’s personnel.
    8. Submittals: Contract documents shall require a letter from the elevator manufacturer (on manufacturer’s letterhead) verifying that the manufacturer acknowledges and will comply with all requirements of the specifications relative to repair and maintenance tools. Specifically, the letter shall include language that acknowledges the acceptance of the following:
    1. Any and all maintenance diagnostic tools, electrical schematic wiring diagrams and any access codes and passwords required to perform any maintenance function over the life of the equipment such as diagnostics, adjustments or parameter reprogramming shall be provided to the Owner on the Date of Substantial Completion. Tools may be handheld or built into the control system and shall function for the life of the equipment without the requirement to return them to the Manufacturer. Provide complete operations and maintenance manuals including diagnostics instructions for troubleshooting the microprocessor system. The Owner shall not be required to sign licensing agreements related to the us of maintenance or repair tools.
    2. It is the intention of the Owner to obtain competitive bids for all maintenance and repair services and material for the elevator provided. Accordingly, the use of proprietary equipment or equipment requiring the use of any proprietary items throughout the life of the equipment is unacceptable. In addition, any special tools, prints, technical data, layouts, hardware, software, etc. required throughout the life of the equipment and which cannot be obtained from multiple suppliers, must be provided by the manufacturer to the Owner at substantial completion of the project.
    1. Chair lifts shall not require keys for operation.
    2. Elevator equipment rooms shall not be used for access to roofs or other parts of the building unless elevator equipment is fenced or walled in.
    3. Traction-type elevators shall have machinery located overhead.
    4. Elevator pits shall have sump pumps and adequate drains to prevent the accumulation of water. Drains shall not be connected to building sewers.
    5. An emergency telephone will be furnished by the Owner for field installation by the contractor. A 6" x 8" recessed cabinet with door, between 19" and 48" above the cab floor, shall be indicated on the shop drawings.
    6. Elevator cab floors shall be rubber floor tile with "lo-disc" raised circular design for a non-slip surface. Acceptable manufacturers include Roppe Rubber Co., Johnsonite and Musson Rubber Co.
    7. Provide a sweep on the machine room door to provide of dust protection.
    8. Provide all signage as required by applicable codes.
    9. Elevators shall be provided with a full ray electronic door detection device. Devise shall project detection beams across the full car entrance from the floor to a 72 inch minimum height. When interrupted at any point, the device shall cause closing doors to stop and reopen and enact an alarm buzzer. The doors shall again attempt to close unless the detection beam is activated in which case the doors will reopen. The process shall repeat continuously until the obstruction is removed from the entrance. Provide a keyed switch in the car operating panel or a toggle switch in the service cabinet that will disconnect the electronic detection device.
    10. Residence Hall elevators shall have stainless steel cab interiors and vandal resistant hall call stations, light fixtures, car stations, position indicators, etc.
    11. Provide conduit for analog telephone wiring from the telephone backboard to the elevator controller. Power for the elevator telephone must be on an emergency circuit.

** END OF DIVISION 14 **

DIVISION 15 – MECHANICAL
 
 

General Provisions

1. General: a. Provide access doors for all maintenance items above inaccessible ceilings and into inaccessible walls. If necessary, fire rated access doors shall be used to preserve wall fire rating.

b. All buildings shall contain storage space for a minimum off one complete change of air filters for all HVAC equipment. The storage space shall be dry and (preferably) accessible from the loading dock or service entrance.

c. Accessible doors to crawl spaces shall be located as close as possible to mechanical equipment under floor.

d. Locate filter boxes and other maintainable equipment outside of critical areas served, such as operating rooms, so that items can be serviced without disrupting operations in the room or releasing contaminants into space.

e. Locate humidifiers, fan coil units, terminal boxes, and other equipment containing water over hallways rather than occupied or critical spaces wherever possible. Where necessary to locate such equipment over such spaces, provide secondary drain pans.

f. Provide adequate roof access (stairs or elevator) wherever serviceable equipment is roof mounted. Ladders to roof hatches are not acceptable.

g. Provide control air compressor/filter-dryer for each building. Utilize plant control air where available as a redundant backup.

h. In atriums or other multi-story open to roof areas, maintenance and accessibility should be a consideration when mounting fans, lights and other equipment above the floor.

i. Condensate receiver and pumps and backflow preventors shall be furnished by the University and installed by the Contractor.

 j. Primary manufacturer/model number to be specified for various types of mechanical equipment is specified herein. Provide a minimum of two additional and equivalent valve manufacturers and model numbers for each primary manufacturer and model number listed.

k. Provide bound, indexed operation and maintenance (O&M) manuals. Manuals shall be organized by systems and fully indexed by equipment type. Must contain original manufacture’s bulletins and manuals, copies are not acceptable.

Revised September 4, 2001

 2. Pipes and Pipe Fittings: a. ABS piping is unacceptable.

b. Do not install heating hot water or other similar service piping susceptible to freezing in overhanging soffit areas.

 3. Valves: a. Include sufficient zone isolation/shut off valves in cold/hot water, heating hot water, chilled water, steam and other service piping to allow maintenance and replacement of terminal equipment without shutting down entire building.

b. Install valves on all lines that penetrate the floor from below.

c. Install valves on all branch lines off of main lines.

d. Install valves on all lines at locations such that each floor can be isolated independent of main building.

e. Any equipment such as showers, darkrooms, etc., requiring mixing of hot and cold water shall utilize a pressure compensated mixing valve rather than a temperature compensated mixing valve.

f. Install control valves where they can be reached from the floor where possible.

 4. Piping Specialties: a. Provide sufficient air vents in chilled and hot water piping systems to easily bleed entrapped air.

b. Pipe chases should be provided in sufficient size to accommodate maintenance personnel (at least three feet wide). Do not locate pipe chases in custodial closets.
    1. Meters:
a. Provide differential pressure indicator (manometer) for all serviceable filters and locate the indicator where it can be readily observed. Mark on the indicator the "clean" and "replace filter" points. 6. Pumps: a. Provide parallel stand-by pump for all primary pumped building systems, such as chilled water, heating and domestic hot water, etc.

b. Pumps shall be Bell & Gossett or equal.

 7. Mechanical Identification: a. Mark location of air handlers, fan coil units, mixing boxes, etc., above ceilings with identifying "buttons" to facilitate maintenance through ceiling.

b. Tag roof top exhaust fans and associated fume hood to facilitate maintenance and identification.

c. Utilize standard tag or placard to mark all major equipment. Tag all valves and provide valve chart for each floor.

d. Utilize standard Commonwealth of Virginia color coding for various building service piping and ductwork. Mark each with name of service, direction of flow, and associated unit served where appropriate.

e. All systems handling hazardous materials must have appropriate marking and visual or audible alarms to protect building occupants and maintenance personnel. Mark exhaust fans on roof which handle hazardous fumes with appropriate color code.

f. Mark air handling units with large letters and numbers.
    1. All fire dampers shall be numbered and identified on chart in mechanical room.
8. Mechanical Rooms and Equipment Locations: a. The Architect/Engineer shall, in the earliest stages of design development, be responsible for establishing and/or verifying programmatic requirements for mechanical rooms in order to:

Provide adequate safe access and manufacturer’s recommended working clearances for all equipment.

Provide for replacement of the largest piece of equipment without removing permanent walls, large items of equipment or equipment essential to the principal on-going day to day building use.

Provide direct access from the exterior for major mechanical rooms exceeding 100 net square feet.

b. In phased projects mechanical rooms shall be sized to include equipment for all the phases.
    1. Air handling units, zone control devices, such as VAV boxes, mixing boxes, reheat coils, etc., shall also be located to provide unobstructed access to filters, manual valves, zone control devices and automatic control equipment.
    2. Mechanical rooms shall be ventilated by a thermostatically controlled fan.
    3. Mechanical rooms shall have a floor drain.
f. Access to ducted fan coil units on occupied floors shall be from corridors, rather than through offices, classrooms, laboratory ceilings, or other occupied spaces.

g. The installation of any air handling units with cooling coils above the ceiling level shall include an emergency drain pan installed beneath the unit. This emergency drain pan shall be piped so the occupant can detect any condensate that collects in the emergency drain pan. Such a flow tube should terminate ½ inch below finish ceiling and match the finish of the ceiling.
    1. Ventilation

      2.  

       

      Outside air intakes shall not draw in exhaust air from adjacent systems, loading docks, parking lots, emergency generators, chemical storage, sewer manholes, etc.

    2. Air Conditioning

      3.  

       

      All air conditioning shall use chilled water. Glycols and other heat transfer fluids shall only be used in limited systems such as heat recovery loops, or thermal storage systems which serve only a single central station AHU. Use only after specific approval by the university.

      Water-cooled condensing units using domestic, potable water on a single-pass cycle are prohibited.

    3. Refrigeration Systems

      4.  

       

      Installations shall be complete with dryers, sight glasses, thermostatic expansion valves and thermostatically controlled solenoid valves for pump-down operation (except for capillary tube units). Refrigerant liquid and suction piping shall be type "K" hard-drawn copper. Suction lines shall be insulated. The need for defrosting is not limited to electrical units. In larger installations, hot gas defrost is required. Installation shall be provided with necessary protective devices, including, but not limited to, electrical overload devices, low suction-pressure cutouts, oil traps, crankcase heaters, anti-cycling timers and head pressure control.

      Main piping fittings for dryers, sight glasses, expansion valves and controls shall be flared. A nitrogen purge shall be maintained while soldering all joints. Copper-to-copper joints shall be evacuated to 29.5 inches (water) gauge vacuum and held for at least 24 hours under this vacuum prior to charging the system with refrigerant. Refrigerant shall be approved by Physical Plant.
       
       
       

    4. Cooling Coil Condensate

      5.  

       

      Cooling coil condensate shall be piped to sanitary drains.
      Pumped condensate systems shall not be used.
      Cooling coil condensate lines shall have cleanouts which allow access of all branches of the condensate drain system.
      Cooling coil condensate lines shall be minimum 1 ¼ inch ID.
      Lines less than 1 ½ inch shall be copper instead of PVC.
13. Chemical Treatment

The Architect/Engineer shall coordinate with the Project Manager and the University’s Chemical Treatment Consultant as to the required specifications for chemical cleaning and equipment to be furnished by the Contractor. The chemicals to be used by the Contractor for the specified initial treatment shall be furnished by the University. All chemical treatments shall be performed by the University after systems have been cleaned, flushed, and filled.

After cleaning and chemically treating the HVAC system, the Contractor shall furnish the University in writing, the following information:

1. Date of initial treatment
2. Type of chemical(s) used for treatment
3. Estimated date that further treatment or testing will be required.

 Mechanical Insulation 1. Piping and HVAC insulation should be provided in accordance with Attachment A.
  Fire Protection Systems
    1. In buildings with sprinklers, fire pumps and/or standpipes, separate water service for fire protection shall be provided, and shall not be through the domestic metered water service.
2. Specifications shall indicate that following the completed installation, Virginia Tech Physical Plant’s Fire Protection Specialist and their independent consultant will inspect the installation prior to final inspection and acceptance by the State Fire Marshal and report any deficiencies.
    1. In all buildings with fire alarm systems, all control valves, including post indicator and wall indicator valves, shall be electrically supervised by the fire alarm panel.

      2. At all locations that control valves are concealed above ceilings or behind access doors, a sign shall be provided on the ceiling below the valve or the access door indicating the location of the control valve.

      In residential buildings, all control valves that are located in spaces accessible by the occupants of the building shall be provided with lockable tamper prevention devices and locks (that shall be specified by the University).

      Control valves shall only be installed in corridors, stairwells, mechanical rooms, fire pump rooms and sprinkler valve rooms and shall be easily accessible. The control valves shall be accessible with the use of no more than a six foot stepladder. Provide 24" x 24" access door for valves located above inaccessible ceiling types.

      Control valves shall not be installed, above or below ceilings in classrooms, offices, conference rooms or any dormitory living quarters.

      Each control valve shall be supplied with a sign indicating the area of the building that is served by the valve.

    2. At all locations that inspector test valves (ITV) are concealed above ceilings or behind access doors, a sign shall be provided on the ceiling below the valve or on the access door indicating the location of the ITV.

      3.  

       

      Inspector test valves shall only be installed in mechanical rooms, corridors, stairwells, fire pump rooms, sprinkler valve rooms and custodial closets and shall be easily accessible. The ITV’s shall be accessible with the use of no more than a six foot stepladder.

      Inspector test valves shall not be installed, above or below ceilings, in classrooms, offices, conference rooms or in dormitory living quarters or in any area requiring entry through a classroom, office, conference room or any dormitory living quarters.

      Inspector test valves discharge shall be piped to a drain capable of handling the discharge at full flow or to the exterior of the building.

    3. Drain valves shall only be installed in corridors, stairwells, mechanical rooms, fire pump rooms and sprinkler valve rooms and shall be easily accessible. The drain valves shall be accessible with the use of no more than a six foot stepladder.
Drain valves shall not be installed, above or below ceilings, in classrooms, offices, conference rooms or in dormitory living quarters, or in any area requiring entry through a classroom, office, conference room or any dormitory living

.
Main drains discharge shall be piped to the exterior of the building.

Auxiliary drain valves discharge shall be piped to a drain capable of handling the discharge at full flow or to the exterior of the building.

6. In addition to building code requirements, in buildings more than two stories tall, all stairways that have an exterior exit shall be provided with standpipes and fire department hose valves on each level.

In residential buildings, each fire department hose valve shall be provided with a lockable tamper prevention device and a lock (that shall be specified by the University).

 Plumbing

Restrooms

a. Floor Drains; Installed in all restrooms, centrally located with floor slightly sloped toward drain, 6" inlet with 2" outlet, chrome plated brass or nickel bronze.

b. Water Closet; Watersaver vitreous china, wall hung, siphon jet, elongated closet bowl with 1-1/2" top spud with 5-1/4" floor to center outlet equal to Eljer Auburn Watersaver Vitreous China #111-1405.

 Hallways a. Drinking Fountain; not recessed, wall mounted, surface mounted.
  Custodial Closets a. Service Sink: Floor mounted, cast iron or steel with baked enamel covering, acid/chemical resisting plastics, concrete or stone construction material; 28" maximum height from floor to rim, 24" x 24" (minimum size); Faucet - vacuum breaker, integral stops, spout with pail hook and nose end, top single brace, renewable units and valve seats, equal to Eljer 749-1200 or 749-1400. Laboratories

a. Drain and waste lines shall be selected for chemical resistance and heat resistance where steam is used as a laboratory medium.

Domestic Water

a. Shut off valves are required on each floor, on take-offs from all vertical risers, and at the connection to each piece of equipment.

b. Dielectric fittings shall be used with connecting piping of dissimiliar metals.

c. Drain valves shall be installed in accessible locations at all low points in the piping system to permit drainage and servicing.

 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
    1. Indoor design conditions for cooled & heated spaces shall be 74° F dry bulb & 50% relative humidity for summer and 68° F dry bulb for winter. Summer outdoor design temperature shall be 91 deg. F dry bulb and 74 deg. F wet bulb. Winter outdoor design temperature shall be minus (-) 10° F.Design altitude will be 2150 feet for all design calculations.

      2.  

       
       
       

    2. Design quantities of outside air for ventilation of occupied spaces shall be as per current ASHRAE requirements.
    3. Ventilation rates (No. of air changes) for spaces such as restrooms, mechanical rooms, etc. shall be as per current ASHRAE requirements.
    4. Use only steam (not hot water) pre-heat coils on air handlers with high outside air percentage.
    5. Provide adequate freeze proofing for all air handling equipment with high percentage of outside air. Provide coils that can be drained.
    6. Provide stand-by or redundant equipment, cycled or alternating lead-lag sequence for critical needs (e.g. standby compressors on refrigeration for food storage).
    7. Use dual independent refrigeration circuits on HVAC equipment where available, particularly when serving critical areas.
    8. Utilize semi-hermetic compressors rather than hermetic compressors for all HVAC/refrigerant equipment larger than 10 nominal tons, where available.
    9. Provide minimum 5 year parts and labor warranty on HVAC compressors.
    10. Any new or renovated building containing more than one chiller shall have a primary/secondary chilled water pumping system.
    11. Aluminum tubing in HVAC coils is unacceptable.
    12. All air handlers and fan coil units shall be located with provisions for sufficient space to service units, (e.g., change filters, sheaves, bearings, motors and coils, lubricate components and replace belts).
    13. Provide high-limit on steam humidifiers to prevent spraying liquid condensate into duct system.
    14. Avoid water coils and piping in rooftop air handling units.
    15. Steam traps shall be Illinois or equal.
    16. All cooling towers shall be of the induced draft (draw-through) type.
    17. Air handling unit fans should be specified to mid-range speed instead of near maximum. (Units are coming apart at high speed). Units should be sized so the motor will be smaller horsepower than the maximum allowed for fan size.
    18. Specify variable frequency drives instead of vortex dampers for air flow volume control.
    19. Piping and conduit shall be run parallel and perpendicular to building structure (walls, ceilings, floors).
    20. Drain pans in air handling units and fan coil units shall be double layer insulated, tilted in two directions so it will drain no matter how the unit is set.
    21. All Hydronic Control Valves shall be selected with a minimum close-off pressure capacity of 45 - 50 psig.
    22. Direct steam heating systems shall be designed for low pressure operation. Typically, coils and heating equipment shall be selected at 5 psi steam pressure to meet required heating capacity. The system shall be designed at 10 psi with relief set at 15 psi. These design conditions apply whether the steam source is the campus low pressure (nominal 15 psi) or the high pressure (nominal 90 psi) distribution system
Revised April 10, 2001

Variable Frequency Drives

    1. Variable Frequency Drives

      2. Three manufacturers to specify – ABB, Allen Bradley, and Square D.
    2. All VFD’s shall be provided with a manual or automatic type constant speed bypass circuit. The bypass circuit shall be provided in the drive enclosure. A harmonic analysis shall be performed by the drive manufacturer based on the system documentation. Provide this information as a part of the submittal. Provide isolation transformers in a separate enclosure. VFD’s shall include input line reactor.
Air Distribution

1. Size restroom grilles and diffusers according to State, Federal and local codes for room size, air quality, etc.; Stainless steel, type 304, or aluminum, satin or brushed finish shall be used.

2. Use care in locating outside air intake relative to exhausts, vents, or other discharges. Do not locate near loading docks, parking areas, or other vehicular traffic areas.

3. Transferred return air for ventilation (second hand ventilation air) is unacceptable.

4. Where fume hoods are present, provision must be made for make-up-air, such as hoods being of the "add-air" or "auxiliary-air" design and including a motor operated shut off valve in the exhaust stack.

5. All fire dampers shall have access doors.
    1. Ceiling returns plenums shall not be used. All return air shall be ducted from conditioned building spaces back to air handling units.
    2. No interior duct insulation (liner) shall be used. Duct insulation shall be either by use of double wall insulated duct or exterior duct wrap.
    3. Double wall air handling units, VAV boxes and terminal boxes shall be specified so that no interior insulation is exposed to the air stream.
    4. All interior surfaces of air handling units (excluding coils, fins and fan wheels) shall be coated with anti-microbial paint.
    5. Air filtration shall be minimum 80% efficiency for air handling systems serving general classroom and office spaces. This is typically achieved by using a 30 to 40% efficient 2 inch pleat or panel pre-filter and an 80% efficient final bag or rigid box (cartridge) filter.
    6. Keep air handling equipment clean during construction:

      7.  

       

      a. If equipment is going to be operated during construction, change filters once/month or more often if needed and install filter media over return grilles.

      b. Keep fan coil units clean by covering inlet and outlet during construction when not in use.

      c. Building must be turned over to the University upon project completion with clean air handling equipment and duct systems; including a clean set of air filters installed in the air handling equipment and with a quantity of filters for one additional change left in the building.

    7. No interior duct insulation (liner) shall be used.

      a. Duct insulation shall be either exterior duct wrap or

      b. Factory fabricated double, solid, wall insulated duct or

      c. Factory fabricated double wall with perforated inner wall wrapped with 2 mil thick Mylar then wrapped with insulation.

      d. All interior air contact surfaces of duct shall be coated with anti microbial paint. The metal perforations are not to be bridged with paint prior to assembly of double walled ducts. Painting shall not be done after assembly to prevent bridging sheet metal perforations.

    8. Interior surfaces of fan coil units, mixing boxes and convectors, excluding coils and fan wheels, shall be coated with anti-microbial paint.
Cooling Towers Provide a packaged induced draft cooling tower(s) for installation by VPI&SU Utility personnel. The cooling tower(s) shall be installed on steel structural support in accordance with manufacturer’s installation recommendations.
    1. Design Criteria: The cooling tower(s) shall have the following design criteria:
Location No. Cells x

Cooling Water Flow XXXXGPM

Entering Water Temp. 950 F.

Leaving Water Temp. 850 F.

Ambient Wet Bulb Summer design wet bulb plus 2 degrees F.

Motor HP xxxHP

Motor Voltage/Ph xxx/3

Motor Speed RPM xxxx/xxx

 Guarding: Provide appropriate guards meeting all OSHA recommendations for all rotating and/or nip points.

Manufacturers: Acceptable manufacturers shall be Marley, Baltimore Air Coil, Tower Tech or engineered approved equal.

Submittal Information: Provide the following submittal data as part of the bid response: dimension drawings and installation information, structural requirements, electrical service requirements, performance data, and a complete description of corrosion protection for steel components. The cooling tower(s) shall be induced draft, cross flow, vertical discharge, draw through type, factory assembled.

a. Structural components of the tower, including the cold water basin, framework, mechanical equipment supports, casing, hot water basins, fan deck, and fan cylinder shall be fabricated of heavy gauge steel (basin and floor shall be a min. 16 gauge and sides shall be a min. 11 gauge), and be protected against corrosion by G-210 galvanizing, or equivalent, that meets the requirements of salt fog testing in accordance with ASTMB 117. Factory welded components shall be hot-dip galvanized after completion of fabrication to a zinc thickness equivalent of G-210. Cold galvanizing will not be acceptable.

b. Basin Sections
 

(1) Minimum 16 USSG galvanized steel
(2) Cold water basin with side outlet connections consisting of suction, overflow, and drain piping. Heat tape shall be installed on manual sump drain piping.
(3) Condenser water outlet connections with a clog resistant, lift out strainer with perforated openings sized smaller than spray nozzle orifices, mounted in assemble with an anti-cavitation device.

c. Fan Sections
 

(1) Provide single fan propeller type with corrosion resistant cast aluminum blades, adjustable pitch, individually attached to a cast aluminum or cast iron hub.
(2) Provide hot dipped galvanized steel fan cylinder with close, but adequate tolerance for fan blade tips.
(3) Provide heavy gauge hot dipped galvanized wire grill type fan guard over fan cylinder.
(4) Provide fan with vibration switch to de-energize fan in the event of excessive vibration.

d. Fan Bearings
 

(1) Heavy duty roller type bearings integral with gear reducer.

e. Fan Drives
    1. Fan shall be driven through helical gear reducer. Gear reducer shall have synthetic rubber oil seals and shall be designed to require oil changes on five year intervals. Speed reducers employing pulleys and belts shall not be acceptable unless manufacturer warrants such speed reducing equipment to be maintenance free for a five (5) year period.

 
  f. Fan Motor
 

(1) Motor(s) shall be TEFC, 1.15 service factor, variable torque, and specially insulated for cooling tower duty. Motor shall operate in the shaft-horizontal position and nameplate horsepower shall not be exceeded at design operation.

g. Casings
 

(1) Casings shall be heavy gauge steel protected against corrosion by G-210 galvanizing, or equivalent, with lapped joints ealed watertight.

(2) Provide large galvanized steel access doors located in each end wall casing for entry into the cold water basin and fan plenum area. Access doors shall be operable form inside as well as outside the tower.
(3) The tower and all its components shall be designed to withstand a wind load of 30 psf, as well as a Zone 4 seismic load, per UBC. Fan deck and hot water basin covers shall be designed for 50 psf live load or a 200 lb. Concentrated load. Fork lift slots shall be provided to facilitate movement at grade level.
(4) Provide galvanized steel guardrails, handrails and ladder. Guardrails shall be capable of withstanding a 200 lb. Concentrated load in any direction.

h. Tower fill and drift eliminators
 

(1) Tower fill shall be lightweight and manufactured of non-corrosive material.
(2) Drift eliminators shall be two-pass manufactured of non-corrosive honeycomb type material supported in galvanized steel framing. Maximum allowable drift loss shall be less than 0.2 percent of the water circulated.

i. Water distribution
 

(1) Open gravity type hot water distribution basin using replaceable polypropylene or PVC diffusing type metering orifices. Heavy duty flow regulator valves shall be provided at the discharge into each hot water distribution basin to equalize water flows. These valves shall be disc type with cast iron bodies and stainless steel stems. Valves shall be right-angle type precluding the need for inlet fittings.
(2) Basin cover(s) shall be removable galvanized steel panel(s) supported by basin sides, top of cover flush with basin. These covers shall withstand loads described in paragraph G (3).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

j. Basin Heaters
 

(1) Provide electric immersion heaters and controls to prevent freezing in the collection basin. One or more stainless steel immersion heaters shall be installed in threaded couplings provided in the side of the basin. A NEMA 4 enclosure shall house a magnetic contactor to energize heaters; a transformer to provide 24 volt control circuit power; and a solid state circuit board for temperature and low-water cut-off shall be provided. A control probe shall be located in the basin to monitor water level and temperature. The system shall be capable of maintaining 40 deg. F. water temperature at an ambient air temperature of –10 deg. F.

 Demonstration of Mechanical Equipment
    1. Provide project walk-through, instruction and start-up by Contractor and factory technical representative, where appropriate. Consider video taping instructions for future reference.
In individual buildings, only closed loop systems, such as secondary heating water, shall have chemical treatment (chemical treatment for fluids from central systems will be provided at the heating or chiller plant).
  ** END OF DIVISION 15 **

DIVISION 16 – ELECTRICAL
 
 

1. General Provisions

a. Electrical closets and distribution shall be centrally located throughout the building.

b. In atriums or other multi-story open to roof areas, accessibility and maintenance should be a consideration when mounting lights.

c. Access doors to crawl spaces should be located as close as possible to electrical equipment under floor.

d. Provide separate electrical and telecommunications closets. Custodial closets shall not be used to house electrical or telecommunications equipment.
    1. Provide one duplex receptacle for each stair landing.
    2. Corridor wall receptacles (primarily used for floor cleaning equipment) shall be circuited separate from interior office/classroom receptacles.
    3. The Contractor shall submit warranties and guarantees in one commercial quality, hardback binder sized to accommodate 8.5 by 11 inch pages, with a table of contents and two (2) copies of each warranty or guarantee. Marked tabs shall separate warranties and guarantees in sections following the order of the specifications.
    4. Electrical wiring system shall be designed and installed with as much flexibility as practical and reasonable.
    5. In demolition associated with renovations, all wire shall be removed back to the panel board and all accessible conduit shall be removed.
j. For back-up power, emergency generators are preferred to battery systems. 2. Raceways
    1. Minimum conduit size shall be ¾". Flexible metal conduit shall be used only for whips to lighting fixtures and equipment. All empty conduit shall have a 65-lb. test polymer (or equivalent) pull string tied off at both ends.
3. Conductors

a. Use of MC cable is not permitted.
 
 
 
 

b. All conductors shall be copper. All power conductors shall be awg #12 or larger. Minimum control wire shall be awg #14 and minimum signal wire size no smaller than awg #18. 4. Wiring Devices a. All wiring devices shall be industrial heavy duty specification grade, rated a minimum 20A, 125V. 5. Emergency Generators

a. Emergency generators rated 50KW or less shall be natural gas with propane backup. Fuel tanks shall not be located underground. Propane tanks shall be furnished by the Owner. Emergency generators rated above 50KW shall be diesel.

6. Service and Distribution

a. One line diagram of electrical system shall be posted in the switchgear room or in vicinity of main distribution panel.

b. Panelboards shall be flush mounted only in areas with grid type ceilings or open ceilings. Do not locate panelboards in custodial closets.

c. Distribution panelboard shall be provided complete with all mounting hardware for mounting any size breaker that the panel will accept and breakers shall be plug-in type.
 

d. Provide a minimum of one 100 ampere, 30 pole panelboard per laboratory.

e. Provide 50% spare breaker space in each distribution panel in all new buildings. Provide 20% spare breaker space in each panelboard.
    1. All panelboard indices shall identify all equipment served by each circuit, (i.e. Rcpt - Rooms 111, 112, 115).
    2. Any panelboard spaces shall be fully bussed.
7. Interior Lighting Systems
    1. Standard light fixtures are 2-,3-,or 4-lamp, 2’x4’ fluorescent lay-in fixtures with electronic ballasts and T-8 lamps. T-8 lamps shall have low mercury content, a color rendering index of 75 or greater and a color temperature of 4100k in academic and general buildings. High mercury content lamps are unacceptable.

      2.  

       
       
       
       
       

      Light fixtures shall be selected to permit the use of lamps that are on State contract, readily available from multiple manufacturers and are in typical use at the University.

      No lighting fixtures shall be specified for which the manufacturer will require a minimum order for the purchase of replacements. Non-catalog and custom lighting fixtures are to be economically justified and avoided whenever possible.

    2. Ballasts shall be warranted for 60 months from date of manufacture and shall have harmonic distortion of less than 15%. Ballasts shall be of the parallel lamp connection design such that lamps remain fully lit if any of the companion lamps fail.
    3. Owner requires the use of light emitting diode (LED) lighted exit signs with diffused lenses. Only red lettered exit signs will be used. Exit lights shall be equal to Lithnia Modular xs/xl series.
    4. Typical locations for occupancy sensors include small rooms such as individual restrooms, one person offices, and small storage rooms like closets, supply rooms or recycling rooms, areas of rescue assistance and conference/classrooms when possible. Ceiling mounted occupancy sensors shall be provided in conference rooms and classrooms. Wall switches also be provided in conference rooms and classrooms such that lights may be controlled by switches when space is occupied.
    5. Locate light fixture schedule on drawings. Schedule shall contain a description fixture, not simply a model number.
f. Use of fluorescent dimming systems is discouraged. When approved, the ballasts shall have a dimming range of 100% to 1%. 8. Fire Alarm Systems
    1. General

      2.  

       
       
       

      A 20 amp, 120 volt duplex outlet shall be provided within six (6) feet of the fire alarm control panel.

    2. Testing

      3.  

       
       
       

      Specifications shall indicate that Contractor shall guarantee all equipment and wiring free from inherent mechanical and electrical defects for a period of 1 year from the date of acceptance. The manufacturer shall furnish, without additional cost to the Owner, inspection and testing of the fire alarm system for a period of one year after the final acceptance of the system. This shall consist of a minimum of two inspections and follow up tests during the one year period and sensitivity testing of all smoke detectors in the system one month prior to the end of the one year period.

    3. Power Supply

      4.  

       

      The electrical power for all fire alarm and associated panels shall be supplied through the emergency panel of the building to assure continued operation of the fire alarm systems during times of power interruptions.

    4. Control Panels

      5.  

       

      Fire alarm control panels shall be located as close as possible to the main entrance to the building and be readily accessible for the responding fire department personnel. Control panels shall be installed with the top of the panel no more than 78 inches above the finished floor. "Readily accessible" shall be defined by the 1996 edition of NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code).

      Control panels and any panels associated with the fire alarm system shall not be installed immediately above or below ceilings, in classrooms, electrical closets, offices, conference rooms or residence hall suites or any room that requires entry through these spaces.

    5. Component Installation

      6.  

       

      All fire alarm system components shall be installed in their manufacturers intended orientation, (i.e. a horn intended by the manufacturer for wall installation only shall not be installed on the ceiling).

    6. Smoke and Heat Detectors

      7.  

       

      Smoke and heat detectors installed in a location not easily visible from the floor shall have a remote alarm indicator installed as near as possible to the detector and no more than 72 inches above the floor.

    7. Signal Circuits

      8.  

       

      Notification (signal) circuits shall be wired so that each floor of a building can be isolated for testing purposes.

    8. Wire Coloring and Labeling

      9.  

       

      All circuits shall be labeled in the fire alarm control panel and in each junction box they pass through.
      Wire insulation colors shall be consistent for the full length of each circuit and shall not change in the circuit.
      On all notification circuits, addressable circuits and any 24 volt DC circuit that is polarity sensitive the positive(+) wire shall be red and the negative (-) wire shall be black.
       
       
       

    9. Duct Detectors

      10.  

       

      Duct detectors located above the ceiling or in any room other than a mechanical room shall have a remote alarm indicator/test switch installed in a corridor as near as possible to the duct detector location, at a height of no more than 72" above finished floor.

    10. Duct detectors located in mechanical rooms shall have a remote alarm indicator/test switch installed as near as possible to the entry door and no more than 72 inches above finish floor. The remote indicator should have a sign to indicate the associated duct detector.
    11. For all duct detectors located above the ceiling or behind an access door, a sign shall be provided on the ceiling below the duct detector or on the access door indicating the location of the duct detector.

      12.  

       

      Duct detectors located above ceilings that are not drop in type ceilings shall be supplied with an access door of a minimum size of 24" x 24" in the ceiling located to allow access to the duct detector.
9. Motors and Controls

a. All motor variable frequency controls shall meet IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electrical power systems. See IEEE standard 519-1992.

    1. Motors of ¾ horsepower and larger shall be 3-phase power of the highest available and appropriate voltage. All such motors shall be equipped with permanently lubricated bearings.
10. Communication Cabling

a. Conform to Virginia Tech Cabling Standard, dated October 2000.
 
 

** END OF DIVISION 16 **

DIVISION 17 – BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
 
 

    1. Design heating valves to "fail-open". In areas where an over temperature condition may be as critical as freezing conditions, provide a high temperature limit to de-energize air handling equipment.
    2. Local HVAC controls shall be compatible with existing Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. energy management system (EMS). Level of DDC control to be determined.
    3. Provide thermostatically actuated control valves on all radiation (heating) units. This is in addition to outside air reset or zone.
    4. Locate thermometers, gauges, etc., where they can be readily observed from floor level. Provide instruments with the appropriate range.
    5. HVAC design must conform to following "Virginia Tech Control Strategy Standards", dated 5/12/99. (attached).
6. Unless specifically directed otherwise, Siemens Building Technologies is the sole supplier of building automation systems for campus buildings.
** END OF DIVISION 17 **